【「ただよび」の例文一覧】第74〜79講:クジラ構文・ラテン系比較級・強調構文・否定の倒置・数量詞・同格

ニューヨーク駐在・英語

You Tubeで話題の「ただよび」の英語。受験はもちろん、基本を見直したいという方にも見られているのではないでしょうか。わかりやすい説明で勉強になるのですが、パターンプラクティスをするには例文がまとまっていると便利だなと思い備忘録を兼ねてまとめています。

ただよび

完全無料で受けられるオンライン大学受験予備校として話題の「ただよび」。

ただよびの英語は、TOEIC満点80回以上の予備校講師「もりてつ」こと森田鉄也さんが教えられています。文法についてCD付きで学べる本も執筆されています。

ただよびの各放送回で紹介された例文や文法書をもとにした内容について、以下にまとめています。

第74構:クジラ構文

no more … than

no(ー)+more(+)=否定(ー)なので、どちらも「できない」という意味になり、than以降が前提を表す文章になります。

バスを持ち上げることができないのと同様に、ジョンを見捨てることもできない。
・Susan can no more leave John than she can lift up a bus.

以下のようにも言い換えられます。
・Susan cannot leave John just like she cannot lift up a bus.
・Susan cannot leave John any more than she can lift up a bus.

・A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
→A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.

no less … than

no(ー)+less(ー)=肯定(+)なので、than以降と「差がゼロ」という意味になります。

Susanはエマワトソンと同じくらい美しい。
・Susan is no less beautiful than Emma Watson.

第75構:ラテン系比較級

現在動画が見られないので、また追って追記します。

第76構:強調構文

It isとthatに挟まれている「名詞・前置詞句・副詞」を強調する文を強調構文と言います。

It was computers that changed our life dramatically.

Ken met Susan in Tokyo yesterday. のKen、Susan、in Tokyo、yesterdayをそれぞれ強調した強調構文にすると以下のようになります。
It was Ken that met Susan in Tokyo yesterday.
It was Susan that Ken met in Tokyo yesterday.
It was in Tokyo that Ken met Susan yesterday.
It was yesterday that Ken met Susan in Tokyo.

it isとthatの間に形容詞がある場合は強調構文ではなく「it that 構文」になります。強調構文の場合はthat以下が不完全な文になりますが、it that 構文の時はthat以下が完全な文になります。

it that 構文の例
・It was natural that Ken met Susan in Tokyo.
・It was a surprise that Ken met Susan in Tokyo.

第77構:否定の倒置

主節の前に出てくるかたまりは副詞です。否定の副詞が出てきた場合は、主節はSVを倒置しなくてはなりません。

Not until we came back to school, did we realize that John was missing. 
(学校に戻ってきて初めてジョンがいないことに気がついた)

Only when we came back, did we realize John was missing.
Only after we came back, did we realize John was missing.

上記と同じ意味で、強調構文に副詞節を挟むこともできます。

It was not until we came back that we realized John was missing.
It was only when we came back that we realized John was missing.
It was only after we came back that we realized John was missing.

Not onlyが出てきてもNot only … but alsoのように、Kenを修飾する形容詞的に働く時は副詞ではないので倒置にはりません。
Not only Ken but also John lives in Tokyo.

同じNot onlyでも、動詞を修飾している副詞Not onlyが前に来ている場合は倒置をします。
Not only does Ken live in Tokyo, but he also bought a house there.

ジョンが着いたらすぐに電車は行ってしまった。
No sooner had John arrived at the station than the train left.
・As soon as John arrived at the station than the train left.

Hardlyはbefore やwhenがある時に出てきますが、この場合も否定の副詞なので倒置します。
Hardly had John arrived home before it began to rain.
Hardly had John arrived home when it began to rain.

他にもSeldomも倒置になります。
Seldom does John go to school.

hardly everやhardly anyの例:
・John hardly ever goes to school.
・John has hardly any friends.

第78構:数量詞

単数扱いの数量詞:

Each of the students is supposed to attend the school festival.
Every student is supposed to attend.
One of the students is supposed to attend.

複数扱いの数量詞:

Many of the students are supposed to attend.
Many students are supposed to attend.
Most of the students are supposed to attend.
Most students are supposed to attend.
All of the students are supposed to attend.
All students are supposed to attend.
All the students are supposed to attend.(ofは省略可)
Almost all of the students are supposed to attend the school festival.
Almost all students are supposed to attend the school festival.(ofは省略可)

mostやalmostなど複数扱いの数量詞でもinformationなどの不可算名詞が後ろにくると単数扱いになります。

・I think most information on the Internet is useless.
・I think most of the information on the Internet is useless.
・I think almost all information on the Internet is useless.
・I think almost all of the information on the Internet is useless.

第79構:同格

・John has experience (in) visiting Japan, which is located far from his home country, Brazil.

同格のthat節をとる名詞の多くは、statement, information, thought, belief, agreement, awarenessなど「発言や思考に関する名詞」です。

・Ken made the statement that he would quit.
・I heard the information that Ken would quit.
The thought that Ken would not be promoted is surprising.
・The company broke the agreement that Ken would be promoted.
・Ken had the awareness that he would not be promoted.

以下のように例外的なものもあります。

・I heard the news that my boss quit his job.
The fact that my boss quit does not mean I will be promoted.

同格のthatと関係代名詞のthat
同格の時はthat節が完全な文、関係代名詞の時はthat節が不完全な文になります。

・I have information that Ken gave Susan a ring.(同格)
・I have information that Ken gave Susan.(関係代名詞)

他の講義についてもまとめています。

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